Blog
Oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia are three labels for three ways a semen sample can fall below a reference number. Here is what each one means, how the WHO 6th Edition defines the cutoffs, and what the research says about how little the label alone predicts.
Azoospermia means no sperm were found in the ejaculate, but the cause decides the odds. A blockage and a production problem in the testes lead to very different paths. Here is what the research shows on sperm retrieval, ICSI, and genetics, and where the evidence is thinner than clinic pages suggest.
High sperm DNA fragmentation has a short list of well-supported causes, and a set of cutoffs that are less settled than the color-coded bands suggest. Here is what the research says drives the number, which popular culprits show no clear effect, and how to read your own result.
Low testosterone can come from two very different problems: testes that are not responding, or a brain that has stopped sending the signal. Your LH result tells them apart, and the difference changes your fertility plan.
A normal semen analysis and a high DNA Fragmentation Index are not a contradiction. They measure different biology. Here is how common that combination actually is, why it happens, and what is worth checking next.
SHBG is the protein that decides how much of your testosterone is actually usable, and it plays a direct role inside the testes too. Here is what a high or low SHBG result means for your fertility.
SCSA, TUNEL, SCD, and Comet all measure sperm DNA fragmentation, but not the same way, and not against the same cutoff. Here is what each test actually does, what the evidence says about which predicts fertility best, and why the number on your report only means something once you know which test produced it.
Enclomiphene, clomiphene, and hCG all raise testosterone through the body's own signaling instead of replacing it, which is why they can preserve fertility where standard TRT cannot. Here is how the three compare on mechanism, evidence, and who each one actually fits.
Most men recover sperm production within a year of stopping TRT, but not all do, and the timeline runs in months, not days. Here is what the actual recovery data shows on odds, predictors, and when to get help.
Testosterone therapy is one of the most common and predictable causes of male infertility, and it is happening in more young men than ever. Here is the actual mechanism, and what verified clinic data says about how often it really happens.
TSH is not part of the reproductive system, but an underactive or overactive thyroid has been linked to lower testosterone, worse sperm quality, and elevated prolactin. Here is what a high or low TSH result actually means for male fertility, and when it is worth testing.
Testosterone therapy can shut down sperm production almost entirely, and most men are never told to get a baseline semen analysis and hormone panel before starting. Here is exactly what to test first, and why the guidelines already say so.
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